This is due to reduced beam-width compared to the single element antenna. At the same the radiated power is more concentrated to one certain direction. The “grouping” of antennas increase the gain compared to a single element antenna. Markku Kivikoski, in Human Friendly Mechatronics, 2001 2 ANTENNA ARRAY FOR ACCESS-POINT-TYPE DEVICEĪntenna arrays are composed of group of similar antenna elements. Small spacing causes channel to be correlated (see Section 2.3.1) and and is also responsible for antenna coupling, which is dealt with in the next section. Īntenna spacing might play an important role, which leads to a compromise between the size of the array and the captured diversity.Hence, there is no guarantee that omnidirectional antennas yield better performance for a constrained transmit power.
Whereas Omnidirectional antennas may capture more scattered energy, directive antennas would provide more gain. Īntennas may be chosen as omnidirectional or directional.
This also implies that channel correlations on the transmit side might depend on the receive antenna, and vice-versa. Subsequently, the definition of steering vectors is naturally not possible. What does it mean in practice? For such arrays, the channels are not antenna-stationary: the shadowing might not be the same across antennas, and the definitions of Section 2.1.5 are not valid anymore, as the power delay-angle profiles will not be identical for all antenna elements. As an example, an array made of three directional antennas oriented in different directions does not yield a MIMO matrix whose elements describe an homogeneous channel. However, arrays with complex configurations might not support the homogeneous channel assumption. Only two conditions are needed to define steering vectors, as long as the channel is WSSUSH: a narrowband array and a plane wave incidence. As already mentioned, the definition of steering vectors is not restricted to linear arrays. In the above, many expressions are also given for uniform linear arrays, although alternative shapes such as circular arrays are met in practice. Usual arrays are often narrowband for classical systems and are also balanced, although it may happen that local scattering from the antenna mounting structure causes some unbalance, even in relatively compact arrays. We have already defined the concept of narrowband and balanced arrays (see Definitions 2.5 and 2.6). This is not our goal to go into details about antenna array theory, but it is interesting to highlight a few points related to antenna arrays. There exists a large number of different array configurations.
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